A list of the questions addressed in the index is found on. What factors drive inequalities in carbon tax incidence. The kakwani index is a measure of the progressivity of a social intervention, and is used by social scientists, statisticians, and economists. Comparing redistributive efficiency of taxbenefit systems in europe daniela mantovani university of modena and reggio emilia abstract in empirical analysis, the kakwani index is the most frequently used indicator for comparing progressivity across countries and over time.
Dwr integrates with many external libraries like struts, jsf, webwork, rife and so on. Using the social welfare framework, we derive the kakwani index from sen. Sabina alkire, august 2007 ophi home chronic poverty. Ntp support web a userdriven information collaboration tool for the ntp community. The kakwani index was computed directly in a single step from convenient regression in the following form 15. The kakwani index uses the gini framework to measure how progressive a social intervention is. The kakwani index for both taxes combined is equal to. Its importance is evidenced in policy documents, policy statements, the work of health economists and policy analysts. This study investigates household carbon footprint inequality in the philippines and decomposes it into consumption. Full text of documentation in public administration janmarch 1981 vol ix see other formats. Physical activity fit index frequency, intensity, time used to evaluate level of physical activity. For your convenience, this index list is broken into 2 pages. Consumption taxes and income inequality an international. Lis working paper series lis crossnational data center in.
For example, wagstaff, van doorslaer and paci 2 proposed this measure as a measure of health inequality and wagstaff and van doorslaer 19 provided an interpretation and empirical illustrations. According to government sources tmpdr, nationwide household surveys on income and expenditure have been conducted in 196668, 197475, 197980, 198485 and 199091. Complementary material the database, containing the above variables, should be accompanied by the following three. The redistributive efficiency index was compared to the kakwani index for. Health care system and health care delivery docshare. Comparing redistributive efficiency of taxbenefit systems in.
Incomerelated inequality in health care financing and. The decomposition of the atkinsonplotnick kakwani reranking measure 179 decompose the gini index see giorgi, 2011. Research open access health inequalities and development. The kakwani index of progressivity is based on the trapproach and equals twice the area between the lorenz curve and the concentration curve of a tax. Research open access health inequalities and development plans in iran. The kakwani index for overall health care finance, which measures the capacity of the health financing system to correct income inequity, changed from 0. A measure of the progressivity or regressivity of health care payment systems. R 2 is the sample variance of the fractional rank variable, h is the health payment variable.
The kakwani index of tax progressivity is given by the difference between the concentration index of taxes and the gini coefficient of income. The literature is abundant with studies analyzing inequality in carbon emissions at the macroeconomic level, but very limited at the household level. Working with the fhirclient setting up a fhirclient. The kakwani index is determined by the pattern of consumption. Button mushroom is the most popular mushroom variety grown and consumed the world over. There is ample room for refining the specification to estimate the cumulative tax and income curves that are used in calculating the tax progressivity index, such as those proposed by kakwani and podder, 1976, rasche et al. Net library for processing pdf create, merge, split, or modify pdf files. The kakwani index of tax progressivity is given by the difference between the concentration index of taxes. Based on this index, wealth inequality increased by 16% between 1999 and 200506, while the kakwani concentration index for food consumption increased by 48%. The kakwani is often assumed to measure to what extent a policy design is. The decomposition of the atkinsonplotnickkakwani reranking measure 179 decompose the gini index see giorgi, 2011. In this paper, it is calculated as the concentration index for the analysed carbon tax, less the gini coefficient of income inequality. Documents in econstor may be saved and copied for your personal. The redistributive effect and progressivity of taxes revisited aias.
Comparing redistributive efficiency of taxbenefit systems. A note on the maximum value of the kakwani index daniela mantovani 1 simone pellegrino 2 achille vernizzi 3 received. It is named after the economist who first proposed and used it, nanak chand kakwani. Ghana, mozambique, and uganda, selected census years 58 3. Market distortions, inequality and health outcomes in. Published by the institute for fiscal studies 7 ridgmount street london wc1e 7ae tel. The index was created to allow easy navigation to desired materials. This study investigates household carbon footprint inequality in the philippines and decomposes it into. In india, its production earlier was limited to the winter season, but with technology development, these are produced almost throughout the year in small, medium and large farms, adopting different. The index is organized around the questions posed at the hearing. It is equal to the difference between the gini index for the social. The kakwani index was computed directly in a single step from convenient regression in the following form.
On this site, there are a number of documents to help you get started with dwr. This paper proposes a new index called propoor policy ppp index. World happiness report 2012 ubc library open collections. Full text of documentation in public administration jan.
Empirical results are presented and commented in section 2 for the 19652000 period. See the reverse ajax documentation for more details. As an example, over in vb6 i use a pdf creation method called mjwpdf. In particular, pyatt 1976, silber 1989 and yao 1999 endorse matrix form approaches. Ghana, mozambique, and uganda, 1990s and 2000s 52 3. Apart from the progressive tax structure, the basic tax credit and tax credits for transfer incomes appear to be the main factors. It is a revised and upgraded version of inequal published by edward whitehouse in stb23. Documentation in primary sources though somewhat less disaggregated than one would wish is available for all years. The issue of household carbon footprint inequality is relevant in mitigating climate change through curbing household emissions. An index for measuring tax progressivity sciencedirect. However, as for health inequality or inequality of medical expenditures, some researchers have applied the kakwani measure.
Oct 15, 2019 the literature is abundant with studies analyzing inequality in carbon emissions at the macroeconomic level, but very limited at the household level. The redistributive effect and progressivity of taxes revisited. Philippe van kerm statistical software components from boston college department of economics. Kakwani index has been extensively used in the literature to analyze equity in taxation and government expenditures. World measuring income inequality deininger and squire. Jun 09, 2008 the kakwani index was computed directly in a single step from convenient regression in the following form. When new members submitted their index ii copy, we noticed a discrepancy in the society name mentioned in the index ii. R2 is the sample variance of the fractional rank variable, h is the health payment variable. The kakwani index k is commonly used to measure the progressivity of a tax intervention such as a carbon tax. Stata module for decomposition of progressivity measurements.
Using euromod, the euwide taxbenefit model, we document the wide. Kakwani index is equal twice the area between the lorenz curve and the concentration curve of a tax, or transfer. A note on the maximum value of the kakwani index request pdf. Differently from the gini index, the concentration index is usually expressed as a function of the underlying concentration curve. Income taxation in latin america and the caribbean. Graphically the kakwani index is represented as twice the area between. The kakwani 1977 index of tax pro variance is between taxes and the cugressivity is defined as twice the area be mulative share of income recipients or of tween the concentration curves for taxes pretax income. Adept also outputs the kakwani index of progressivity, for each source and. The kakwani progressivity index in all years is positive, averaging 0. For questions related to using the pdfsharp library on any platform and with any programming language.
In india, its production earlier was limited to the winter season, but with. Table 2 below is taken from adam wagstaff and eddy van donorslaer, equity in hatlh care finance and delivery, in a. Official ntp documentation this is the primary body of ntp documentation. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or.
Statistical software components from boston college department of economics. The kakwani index computes the departure from proportionality of a progressive income tax by measuring the difference between the. This is the difference between the concentration index of taxes and an inequality index such as the gini index of gross incomes. Section 3 uses the decomposition of the kakwani index to identify the main components of tax progressivity. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Incomerelated inequality in health care financing and utilization in estonia since 2000 page 1 summary this policy paper summarizes recent research on incomerelated inequalities in health care financing and utilization in estonia and presents key messages and a few policy recommendations to target them. Rising carbon footprint inequality in the philippines. There are nonetheless increasing variations in the. Measuring the redistributive impact of taxes and transfers. In addition, the lorenz curve could be estimated using gross income data rather than the adjusted. This is also the difference between the concentration index of the tax ic x and the gini index of gross income. Our society name is s park housing coop society however, in the index ii documents, which new members have submitted, contains the society name as s park only. Ntp project and reference library includes informational slides, project background, a bibliography, and an executive summary, in addition to links to more information. A theory of justice is a work of political philosophy and ethics by john rawls, in which the author attempts to solve the problem of distributive justice the socially just distribution of goods in a society by utilising a variant of the familiar device of the social contract.
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